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Business Environment Profiles - United States

Labor force participation rate of women

Published: 15 May 2025

Key Metrics

Labor force participation rate of women

Total (2025)

57 %

Annualized Growth 2020-25

0.4 %

Definition of Labor force participation rate of women

This participation rate measures the percentage of civilian, noninstitutionalized women aged 16 and older that are employed or unemployed but looking for work. The data for this report is sourced from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The values presented in this report are annual figures, derived from equally weighted monthly averages.

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Recent Trends – Labor force participation rate of women

Over the past five years, the labor force participation rate of women in the United States has shown a pattern of gradual recovery and stabilization. After a period of decline that coincided with the pandemic's disruptions, the rate began to climb again, reflecting women's resilience and adaptability in the face of economic and social challenges. This rebound was supported by the reopening of schools and childcare facilities, as well as renewed demand in industries where women are heavily represented. The trend suggests that, while setbacks occurred, women have remained a vital and responsive part of the labor market.

Despite this recovery, the pace of growth in participation has moderated, indicating that the initial surge of women re-entering the workforce has slowed. The labor force participation rate has not returned to its historical highs, and recent years have seen more incremental gains rather than dramatic increases. This leveling off points to persistent structural barriers, such as access to affordable childcare, flexible work arrangements and ongoing disparities in pay and advancement opportunities. It also suggests that, while the worst effects of the pandemic have faded, some women continue to face obstacles to full participation.

Looking ahead, projections indicate that the participation rate may plateau or even experience a slight decline in the coming years. This anticipated trend highlights the need for targeted policy interventions and workplace innovations to sustain and enhance women's involvement in the labor force. Without such efforts, the gains of recent years could stall, and the broader economy may miss out on the full potential of women's contributions. The recent trends underscore both the progress made and the work that remains to ensure equitable and sustained participation for women in the workforce.

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5-Year Outlook – Labor force participation rate of women

The labor force participation rate of women is projected to gradually decline over the next five ...

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