Manufacturing capacity utilization

In 2025, manufacturing capacity utilization is estimated at 76.6%, a 1.0 percentage point increase from the previous year. This growth is driven by recovery from pandemic disruptions, stabilized global supply chains, and continued investment in domestic manufacturing. Sustained demand for durable goods and advanced automation technologies also support utilization. Despite inflationary pressures and labor shortages, manufacturers have maintained production output relative to capacity.

From 2020 to 2025, capacity utilization increased by 3.8 percentage points, rebounding from a pandemic low of 72.8% in 2020. The sharp recovery in 2021, reaching 77.3%, was due to supply chain normalization and resurgent global demand. Industry 4.0 technologies, like AI and IoT, enabled flexible and efficient production. Geopolitical tensions and supply chain concerns led to reshoring, boosting high-value segments like semiconductors and renewable energy components. Government policies, such as the US CHIPS Act, incentivized domestic manufacturing investments.

Inflation and labor market challenges persisted but were offset by strong demand and improved inventory management. Commodity price volatility and energy fluctuations were mitigated by technological adoption and efficiency gains. Infrastructure investment and cleaner energy manufacturing also reinforced capacity utilization improvements. These macroeconomic and technology-driven trends were crucial to the gains from 2020 to 2025.