US oil and gas production index

In 2025, the US oil and gas production index is estimated to reach 184.0, reflecting continued robust activity in the sector. This growth has resulted from the broad adoption of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technologies, which have enabled producers to access previously unreachable resources, primarily in shale formations such as the Barnett, Eagle Ford, Marcellus, Utica, and Bakken. These technological advances, combined with well-established extraction and distribution infrastructure, have positioned the United States as a leader in unconventional resource production in the current year.

During the 2020 to 2025 period, US oil and gas production experienced a strong recovery from the pandemic-induced downturn of 2020. Production rose at an annualized rate of 2.3%, supported by high levels of investment in shale oil and gas deposits. Oil and gas companies aggressively developed these formations in states like Texas, Pennsylvania, and North Dakota. However, infrastructure constraints remained a barrier, particularly with natural gas flaring in the Bakken region, where up to one-third of production was lost, demonstrating the need for further investment in pipelines and capturing technology. The period was characterized by the rapid uptake of fracking and horizontal drilling, which contributed more to natural gas output than crude oil, given the abundance of shale gas reservoirs in the United States. These gains in production volume occurred amidst volatile prices and a growing focus on environmental impacts linked to fracking and emissions.

Other important macroeconomic trends influencing production included the ongoing shift in fuel preferences, with natural gas gaining market share as a substitute for coal and crude oil. Federal energy policy, international market conditions, and US ambitions to expand its role as an energy exporter all contributed to rising production through 2025. Environmental and regulatory pressures, while increasing during the period, did not significantly hamper production growth due to continued advancements in extraction and processing methods. The combination of strong domestic consumption, new export opportunities, and technical innovation helped maintain upward momentum in the production index through the end of the period.

Five-year growth was thus achieved despite ongoing logistical and regulatory challenges. Broader macroeconomic conditions, such as global energy demand, shifting geopolitical alignments, and the evolution of environmental regulations, played important support or risk roles in industry performance. By the end of 2025, the US oil and gas sector had further established itself as a central player in global energy markets, underpinned by technological leadership and resilient domestic demand.